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“The school was in a sad state. Red Guards had trashed much of its equipment, which symbolized old ideas and old customs. Most of the desks and chairs had gone missing. Teachers had tried to hide cartloads of the school’s books, but these had been found and burned. Around half the teachers, some thirty instructors, had been denounced and persecuted. Two math teachers had been killed, and a history teacher had died of illness during forced labor.”

--- Eva Dou. “House of Huawei.”

That was back in 1979, right after Mao's death which resulted in the rise of Deng Xiaoping and the end of the Cultural Revolution.

upd:
“Deng held the nation’s first National Science Conference in March 1978...
In a rousing speech, Deng told the scientists that they were not part of the bourgeoisie, as they had been previously labeled, but part of the working class. “Everyone who works, whether with his hands or with his brain, is part of the working people in a socialist society,” Deng declared".

ibid.
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Predictions for AI trends in 2026 by the IBM Tech channel

https://youtu.be/zt0JA5rxdfM?si=y1J28AmKk_WAFk75

We'll have to come back to it in 10-11 months.
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Back to the Allison Gopnik interview, she makes two good points about a) school education in general and b) science education in particular:

I think it’s not a coincidence, for instance, that so many kids really want to do music and sports, even though we all say, “No, learn how to code. That’s the thing that will actually be helpful to you.” Because music and sports are among the few examples where we actually do this kind of apprenticeship. You do the thing, you get feedback, you try and do the thing again.

One of the things I say is, imagine if we tried to teach baseball the way that we teach science. How do we teach science? What we would do is, we would tell everybody about great baseball games when they were little. Maybe when they were in high school, they could throw the ball a lot to second base. When they were in college, they could reproduce great baseball plays, but they wouldn’t actually get to play the game until they were in graduate school. If you taught baseball that way, you wouldn’t think that people would be as good at baseball.
...
I think the current way that we do schooling is a good example of Goodhart’s law. We teach kids — because kids are so good at wanting to be skilled — we teach them how to be good at school, which we think is going to be correlated with the ability to do a wide range of things as an adult. Then it ends up being a separate kind of skill.


There's another interesting spot in the conversation where she discusses ADHD, and to me her thoughts rhyme with the Little Red Riding Hood (LRRH) story:
...we know and we just take for granted that little kids like two-year-olds — we say that they don’t pay attention, but what we really mean is that they don’t not pay attention. They’re paying attention to everything at once. That’s why two-year-olds are really distractible.

Then, as we get older, we get this more and more focused kind of attention. People vary in how much they end up within that state of focused attention. I think there’re lots of reasons to believe that an industrial schooled society really pushes people in the direction of having very focused attention. We really want people to have very focused attention.


In the LRRH story, the wolf initially takes advantage of the young girl because she's easily distractible. Ultimately, she overcomes her "distractibility" and develops focused attention skills, partially before and mostly after her resurrection, depending on the version. In essence, the fairy tale presents a recipe for modern education, which took off back in the Charles Perrault days. Is this a coincidence or confluence?
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I want a whiteboard like that in my class!

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Read more... )
However, this would require shifting incentives away from maximizing engagement and toward epistemic responsibility, which is difficult given current business models.

====
It would be an interesting challenge to come with up a technology and a business model that solves the problem.

Also related https://youtu.be/qlPHGnChhI4?si=03mDoaAYAFJnEfCE&t=4004

truth conditions (theoretical intentionality) vs satisfaction conditions (practical intentionality)
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Company X invented a cancer diagnostics method that predicts with 100% accuracy cases where treatment is not necessary. It's a 50% improvement over previous methods. Clearly, company X created a lot of value because it enabled patients/insurance to save lots of money as well as hustle (pain and suffering). Nevertheless, capturing a portion of this value is a challenge because people don't want to pay for treatments they don't need.

Assignment: come up with at least three ways to monetize the new diagnostics method, based on the savings.
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Люди, обсуждающие американскую политику делятся на две части: 1) те, кто понимают, что законы (bills), касающиеся бюджетных денег, принимает Конгресс, а не президент и 2) те, кто не понимают.

Еще интересно, что в рассуждениях по п.2 Байден настолько выжил из ума, что коварно украл все деньги.
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Because the epistemic value of drawing in science is generally understood in terms of the drawing as an object and not, as is argued at various points in this volume, in the drawing process itself, the unique epistemological value of drawing has become increasingly under-appreciated (Anderson 2014; Tversky 2010; Wittmann 2011). Educationally, this has had costs in terms of student engagement, a deeper understanding of the conventions of scientific representations, and the development of ‘creative reasoning’ (Ainsworth et al. 2011).... A unique advantage of drawing is its double nature as a tool for deepening understanding and for communication. Drawing helps to consolidate ideas, clarify concepts and bring visibility to thought. Drawing can extract and highlight salient information from what is discussed, observed and witnessed, and can be used to communicate and analyze an idea or a concept within a research team or to the broader public.

Drawing Processes of Life, 2024.

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emphasized communicability:

But a second, especially crucial role of models, drawings, and computer graphics is to make explicit a relationship that you have found, enabling other people to see it as well. This often can be done just by making the relevant part a heavier line or a brighter color, or by deleting most of everything else, but it always requires explicit effort.

Richardson, Jane and Richardson, David C. (1992), ‘looking at proteins’, Biophysics Journal, 63, pp. 1186–209.

quoted from Drawing Processes of Life: Molecules, Cells, Organisms. 2024.

ПЦ

Dec. 5th, 2023 06:56 pm
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https://x.com/RepStefanik/status/1732138663608271149


Presidents of [community profile] harvard [community profile] mit and [personal profile] penн REFUSE to say whether “calling for the genocide of Jews” is bullying and harassment according to their codes of conduct. Even going so far to say it needs to turn to “action” first. As in committing genocide.


Never thought I'd be on Stefanik's side in this election cycle.
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Duolingo founder talks about why and how the company works

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“A learning instinct, as he[Peter Marler] meant it, isn’t an indiscriminate disposition to learn anything; it is an evolved disposition to acquire a given type of knowledge, such as songs (for birds) or language (for humans). A learning instinct not only targets a specific learning goal, it also provides the instinctive learner with appropriate perceptual and inferential mechanisms to extract the right kind of knowledge from the right kind of evidence.”
...
“How do learning instincts take advantage of experience to produce mature cognitive mechanisms?”

Dan Sperber. “The Enigma of Reason: A New Theory of Human Understanding.”
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What makes it the case that something counts as a form of cognitive success? For instance, why think that knowing the capital of Pakistan is a cognitive success, rather than just another cognitive state that an agent can occupy, like having 70% confidence that Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan? Not every cognitive state enjoys cognitive success. Knowing, understanding, mastering—these are cognitive successes.

[e.g]...we describe a person as “knowing” something as a way of signaling that her testimony with respect to that thing is to be trusted.

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/


Machines can now be trained to generate information traditionally associated with cognitive successes by humans. Today, we know relatively well what kind of cognitive success is achievable for a majority humans. We are still in the beginning of the process of building cognitively successful computers. We simply don't know what they are capable of when trained by a small number of highly successful humans.
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Ответы волка на вопросы Красной Шапочки были новой информацией, но не новым знанием. Знание появилось только после того, как он ее съел.

После начала войны у нас не стало намного больше информации о России. Но прибавилось огромное знание о ней. Информацию можно было игнорировать, а знание - нет. The asymmetry between past and present knowledge is dramatic.

В определенной степени это относится к переходу from Google to the so-called generative AI.

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