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This is an interesting fairy tale about a physician (and his father) who made a deal with Death, but tried to cheat it. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~spok/grimmtmp/033.txt

He led him forth into a forest, and showed him a herb which grew there, and said, now you shall receive your godfather's present. I make you a celebrated physician. When you are called to a patient, I will always appear to you. If I stand by the head of the sick man, you may say with
confidence that you will make him well again, and if you give him of this herb he will recover, but if I stand by the patient's feet, he is mine, and you must say that all remedies are in
vain, and that no physician in the world could save him. But beware of using the herb against my will, or it might fare ill with you.


I guess, the moral of the story is that in a deal like that you gain a superior capability, but surrender your free will to use it.
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2.1.10 Since nothing is inherent in anything else, the dialectic is a fairy tale. Contradictions are negotiated like the rest. They are built, not given.

--- Bruno Latour. The Pasteurization of France, 1993.


Exposing contradictions is one of the main purposes of a good fairy tale.
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Breech-loading provides the advantage of reduced reloading time, because it is far quicker to load the projectile and propellant into the chamber of a gun/cannon than to reach all the way over to the front end to load ammunition and then push them back down a long tube – especially when the projectile fits tightly and the tube has spiral ridges from rifling. In field artillery, the advantages were similar – crews no longer had to get in front of the gun and force things down a long barrel with a ramrod, and the shot could now tightly fit the bore, increasing accuracy. It also made it easier to load a previously fired weapon with a fouled barrel. Gun turrets and emplacements for breechloaders can be smaller, since crews don't need to retract the gun for frontal loading.

...
The main challenge for developers of breech-loading firearms was sealing the breech. This was eventually solved for smaller firearms by the development of the self-contained metallic cartridge.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breechloader#Firearms


Colt carved a wooden gun with multiple chambers in a cylinder that revolved. When Colt got back to Boston, with some financial help from his father, he hired a gunsmith to build a metal prototype. The prototype exploded upon firing. Powder leaked between the chambers, so instead of firing one at a time, several exploded at once.
...
When Colt had enough money, he gave this design to a different gunsmith in 1835. This prototype worked.
The Colt revolver had a revolving cylinder with six openings or chambers. Each chamber was loaded with gunpowder followed by a lead bullet. The bullet was pushed into a chamber by a rod under the barrel. Pulling the gun’s hammer rotated the cylinder. As a chamber lined up with the barrel, it locked in place. The hammer released when the trigger was pulled.

--- Welch, Lamphier. Tech Innovation in American History. 2019

TIL

Dec. 12th, 2020 11:02 am
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“Literacy changes people’s biology and psychology without altering the underlying genetic code. A society in which 95 percent of adults are highly literate would have, on average, thicker corpus callosa and worse facial recognition than a society in which only 5 percent of people are highly literate.
...
Literacy thus provides an example of how culture can change people biologically independent of any genetic differences.
...
highly literate societies are relatively new, and quite distinct from most societies that have ever existed. This means that modern populations are neurologically and psychologically different from those found in societies throughout history and back into our evolutionary past.”

--- Joseph Henrich. “The WEIRDest People in the World.”
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when foreseen, it is
easy to remedy them; but if you wait until they approach, the medicine
is no longer in time because the malady has become incurable; for it
happens in this, as the physicians say it happens in hectic fever,
that in the beginning of the malady it is easy to cure but difficult to
detect, but in the course of time, not having been either detected or
treated in the beginning, it becomes easy to detect but difficult to
cure. Thus it happens in affairs of state, for when the evils that arise
have been foreseen (which it is only given to a wise man to see), they
can be quickly redressed, but when, through not having been foreseen,
they have been permitted to grow in a way that every one can see them,
there is no longer a remedy.

http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1232/pg1232.txt
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Among the many innovations which Lycurgus made, the first and most important was his institution of a senate, or Council of Elders, which, as Plato says, by being blended with the "feverish" government of the kings, and by having an equal vote with them in matters of the highest importance, brought safety and due moderation into counsels of state. For before this the civil polity was veering and unsteady, inclining at one time to follow the kings towards tyranny, and at another to follow the multitude towards democracy; but now, by making the power of the senate a sort of ballast for the ship of state and putting her on a steady keel, it achieved the safest and the most orderly arrangement, since the twenty-eight senators always took the side of the kings when it was a question of curbing democracy, and, on the other hand, always strengthened the people to withstand the encroachments of tyranny.

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Lycurgus*.html


cf the comparison to the ship, wrt keeping a steady course.
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“They were upon Sirenum Scopuli, the Siren Rock, before they knew it. The strains of sweet music were wafted into the ears of everyone on board as they approached. Members of the crew began to snatch at the air trying to catch the sound, like puppies snapping at butterflies. They stood at the gunwales of the Argo and leaned out, straining to get closer.
Jason was ready for his – ‘Now!’ he shouted to Orpheus, who stood high on the foredeck, picked up his lyre and began to sing his own song.
The two most enticing sounds in the world intermingled. Orpheus’s music, being in closer proximity to the Argonauts, won the day. He had been saving a special song, his most perfect, for just this occasion. Jason and the others turned away from the Sirens on their rock and let the rippling of Orpheus’s lyre and the sublime tones of his voice enter their minds and hearts.”
...
The tender beauty of the Sirens’ music was inversely proportional to the vicious cruelty of their purpose. They sang to entice sailors – birds and wildlife too – and draw them onto the rocky cliffs of their home. They would hop from their crags to the wrecked ships and feast on their transfixed crewmen.”

--- Stephen Fry. “Heroes: Volume II of Mythos.


I didn't know about this early solution to the Sirens problem. It's easy to see why and how Odysseus outsmarted the previous generation of great Greek heroes.

upd. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus "Chiron told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass the Sirens—the same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. .. When Orpheus heard their voices, he drew his lyre and played music that was louder and more beautiful, drowning out the Sirens' bewitching songs."
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Finally, I've found use for the hom functor!

TIL

May. 26th, 2020 06:09 pm
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It's really hard to think about counting as a scalable physical activity, e.g. in terms of marginal cost of adding 10 vs adding 1.

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And success in manufacture is based solely upon an ability to serve that consumer to his liking. ... He is best served by the highest quality at the lowest price, and any man who can give to the consumer the highest quality at the lowest price is bound to be a leader in business, whatever the kind of an article he makes. There is no getting away from this.

--- Henry Ford, My Life and Work.


Clearly, youtube meets this requirement.
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There were two benches and twenty−eight men in all; they assembled one hundred seventy−five pistons and rods in a nine−hour day—which means just five seconds over three minutes each. There was no inspection, and many of the piston and rod assemblies came back from the motor assembling line as defective.

...
The foreman, examining the operation, could not discover why it should take as much as three minutes. He analyzed the motions with a stop−watch. He found that four hours out of a nine−hour day were spent in walking. The assembler did not go off anywhere, but he had to shift his feet to gather in his materials and to push away his finished piece. In the whole task, each man performed six operations.

The foreman devised a new plan; he split the operation into three divisions, put a slide on the bench and three men on each side of it, and an inspector at the end.

Instead of one man performing the whole operation, one man then performed only one third of the operation—he performed only as much as he could do without shifting his feet. They cut down the squad from twenty−eight to fourteen men.

The former record for twenty−eight men was one hundred seventy−five assemblies a day. Now seven men turn out twenty−six hundred assemblies in eight hours. It is not necessary to calculate the savings there!

--- Henry Ford, My Life and Work.


That would be quintessential Enframing per Heidegger, i.e. technology shapes and makes use of live and dead parts to increase productivity. As a result, everybody is better off but there's something dehumanizing in sitting for hours without even shifting your feet and performing the same mechanical operation with two simple parts in a tempo imposed by an external decision-making process.

Amazon warehouses are designed in a similar fashion.
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I do not recall any one who thought that the internal combustion engine could ever have more than a limited use. All the wise people demonstrated conclusively that the engine could not compete with steam. They never thought that it might carve out a career for itself. That is the way with wise people—they are so wise and practical that they always know to a dot just why something cannot be done; they always know the limitations.

--- Henry Ford, My life and work.


Limitations determine trade-offs and optimization strategies.
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In olden times, a camera had one sensor, and lenses moved to magnify the picture. Now, you have several sensors and lenses, each one set to a different magnification. Where the iPhone 11 Pro’s telephoto has a “2X optical zoom” when it jumps from its wide-angle lens to its telephoto lens, the Galaxy S20 has a “10X hybrid optical zoom,” jumping from the ultrawide to the telephoto lens—the lenses themselves don’t move in either case.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/samsungs-galaxy-s20-ultra-has-a-100x-zoom-camera-so-we-tested-it-with-a-private-eye-11582907082
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Financial Fair Play was introduced by Uefa to prevent clubs in its competitions from spending beyond their means and stamp out what its then president Michel Platini called "financial doping" within football.

Clubs need to balance football-related expenditure - transfers and wages - with television and ticket income, plus revenues raised by their commercial departments. Money spent on stadiums, training facilities, youth development or community projects is exempt.

https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51510284


I really like the term "financial doping."
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I'm having trouble imagining how an arrow can be a matrix.
Read more... )
Need to work through a relevant example.
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Negative feedback is a poor man's isomorphism.
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“Consistency is the highest obligation of a philosopher, and yet the most rarely found. The ancient Greek schools give us more examples of it than we find in our syncretistic age, in which a certain shallow and dishonest system of compromise of contradictory principles is devised, because it commends itself better to a public which is content to know something of everything and nothing thoroughly, so as to please every party.”

--- Emmanuel Kant, “The Critique of Practical Reason.”
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Once we have fixed an isomorphism A — >X , it is harmless to treat A and X as the same object, precisely because we have the maps f and f-1 to 'translate."

--- Lawvere, Schnauel. 2009.

It's extremely useful in most cases, but can cause mental errors when an isomorphic association creates an unstated assumption of unity, i.e. "the same object." A classic example would be the isomorphism between glory and mortal combat as described by Homer in the Iliad.
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The most striking—and perhaps most unsettling—aspect of our study is that the actual blog post about the topic of nanotechnology was neutral, with equal amounts of risk and benefit information across conditions. The incivility instigated by lay (albeit fictional) online users induced an increase in polarization of risk perception about nanotechnology. This study's findings suggest perceptions towards science are shaped in the online blog setting not only by “top‐down information,” but by others' civil or uncivil viewpoints, as well. While the Internet opens new doors for public deliberation of emerging technologies, it also gives new voice to nonexpert, and sometimes rude, individuals.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcc4.12009



Read more... )
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[according to Bergson] Experience gives us composites. Now the state of the composite does not consist only in uniting elements that differ in kind, but in uniting them in conditions such that these constituent differences in kind cannot be grasped in it. In short, there is a point of view, or rather a state of things, in which differences in kind can no longer appear.

G. Deleuze. Bergsonism. 1988.


Trade-offs necessarily mask differences in kind.

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