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Today, I finished listening the Thousand Nights and a Night. The project took almost a year and brought me hours and hours of joy. I wish I had this literary adventure much earlier in my life.

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3435

Whereupon she cried out to the nurses and the eunuchs, saying, “Bring me my children.” So they brought them to her in haste, and they were three boy children, one walking, one crawling and one sucking. She took them and setting them before the King, again kissed the ground and said, “O King of the age, these are thy children and I crave that thou release me from the doom of death, as a dole to these infants; for, if thou kill me, they will become motherless and will find none among women to rear them as they should be reared.”

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3444/3444-h/3444-h.htm#chap02


upd. almost forgot to quote the hierarchy of the Jinn:
“I am the slave of this seal-ring standing in the service of him who possesseth it. Whatsoever he seeketh, that I accomplish for him, and I have no excuse in neglecting that he biddeth me do; because I am Sultan over two-and-seventy tribes of the Jinn, each two-and-seventy thousand in number every one of which thousand ruleth over a thousand Marids, each Marid over a thousand Ifrits, each Ifrit over a thousand Satans and each Satan over a thousand Jinn: and they are all under command of me and may not gainsay me.
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It looks like there are two different types of human-animal transmutations in fairy tales: enabling and constraining. The first enables a human-animal hybrid to obtain the powers of both, e.g. a werewolf is clever like a man and is powerful like a wolf. Most of ancient Egyptian and Babylonian chimeras(gods) are of that type too. They are specifically designed to be masters of multiple realms.

The constraining type puts a human into an animal body or vice versa. Probably the best modern example would be Kafka's Gregor Samsa from the Metamorphosis. The Thousand Nights and a Night are full of these too. And so are Russian folk tales.


When it was the Nine Hundred and Eighty-fifth Night,
...
'To content thee, I will not kill them, but I will enchant them.' So saying, she brought out a cup and filling it with sea-water, pronounced over it words that might not be understood; then saying, 'Quit this human shape for the shape of a dog;' she sprinkled them with the water, and immediately they were transmuted into dogs, as thou seest them, O Vicar of Allah."

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3443/3443-h/3443-h.htm#chap29
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When it was the Nine Hundred and Eighty-second Night,
I saw all manner of tradesmen seated in their shops and men and women and children, some standing and some sitting; but they were all stone; and the stuffs were like spiders' webs. I amused myself with looking upon them, and as often as I laid hold upon a piece of stuff, it powdered in my hands like dust dispread.

...what case befel the people of this city, that they are become stones? I would have thee tell me the truth of the matter, for indeed I am admiring at this city and its citizens and that I have found none alive therein save thyself.

ABDULLAH BIN FAZIL AND HIS BROTHERS.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3443/3443-h/3443-h.htm#chap29



This sounds like a variation of an earlier story about a dead city. The princess is a novel element that likely served as the prototype for the Sleeping Beaty.
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When it was the Nine Hundred and Thirty-first Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that every time the owner of an article came to the dyer he would put him off with any pretext[FN#185] and would swear to him; nor would he cease to promise and swear to him, as often as he came, till the customer lost patience and said, "How often wilt thou say to me, 'To-morrow?' Give me my stuff: I will not have it dyed." Whereupon the dyer would make answer, "By Allah, O my brother, I am abashed at thee; but I must tell the truth and may Allah harm all who harm folk in their goods!"


[FN (footnote) #185] It is interesting to note the superior gusto with which the Eastern, as well as the Western tale-teller describes his scoundrels and villains whilst his good men and women are mostly colourless and unpicturesque. So Satan is the true hero of Paradise-Lost and by his side God and man are very ordinary; and Mephistopheles is much better society than Faust and Margaret.


https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3443/3443-h/3443-h.htm#chap23


Later in the same tale, they describe how technology transfer worked in the ancient world, which would be a good contrast to the modern concept of permissionless innovation.
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When it was the Nine Hundred and Eighth Night,
...

The boy grew up till he attained the age of twelve,[FN#96] when the King being minded to have him taught the arts and sciences, bade build him a palace amiddlemost the city, wherein were three hundred and threescore rooms, and lodged him therein. Then he assigned him three wise men of the Olema and bade them not be lax in teaching him day and night and look that there was no kind of learning but they instruct him herein, so he might become versed in all knowledge. He also commanded them to sit with him one day in each of the rooms by turn and write on the door thereof that which they had taught him therein of various kinds of lore and report to himself, every seven days, whatso instructions they had imparted to him. So they went in to the Prince and stinted not from educating him day nor night, nor withheld from him aught of that they knew; and presently there appeared in him readiness to receive instruction such as none had shown before him. Every seventh day his governors reported to the King what his son had learnt and mastered.

-- A thousand nights and a night, vol 9. The Spider and the Wind.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3443/3443-h/3443-h.htm#chap13

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< a href= https://gutenberg.org/files/3442/3442-h/3442-h.htm#chap07> ALI NUR AL-DIN AND MIRIAM THE GIRDLE-GIRL is one of the best, definitely most poetic, story in the Thousand nights and a nigh.

Read or (listen to) the whole thing.


https://ia600805.us.archive.org/20/items/thousand_nights_and_a_night_volume_8_1708_librivox/thousandnights8_32_anonymous_128kb.mp3

Vol 8. https://librivox.org/the-book-of-the-thousand-nights-and-a-night-volume-8-by-anonymous/

p.s. the story can be used to illustrate the contrast between investment and consumption.
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When it was the Eight Hundred and Twenty-second Night,
...
Then he raised the cap from his head and appeared to the old woman, who knew him and taking him apart, said to him, "What is come to thy reason, that thou returnest hither? Go hide thee; for, if this wicked woman have tormented thy wife with such torments, and she her sister, what will she do, an she light on thee?"

https://gutenberg.org/files/3442/3442-h/3442-h.htm#chap03

Remarkably, Finland's Prime Minister recently used an almost exactly the same logic when she described why the country needs to join NATO.
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When it was the Seven Hundred and Sixty-ninth Night,
...
Whereupon said he to me, ‘What time I was born, the astrologers predicted that I should lose my soul at the hands of the son of a king of mankind. So I took it and set it in the crop of a sparrow, and shut up the bird in a box. The box I set in a casket, and enclosing this in seven other caskets and seven chests, laid the whole in a alabastrine coffer, which I buried within the marge of yon earth-circling sea; for that these parts are far from the world of men and none of them can win hither.

--- 1001 nights, translated by Richard Burton, Vol 7. Story of Prince Sayf al-Muluk and the Princess Badi’a al-Jamal.
https://gutenberg.org/files/3441/3441-h/3441-h.htm#chap20


p.s. Putin delenda est
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When it was the Seven Hundred and Forty-seventh Night,
...
King Al-Samandal asked, “With what object dost thou gift me with this gift? Tell me thy tale and acquaint me with thy requirement. An its accomplishment be in my power I will straightway accomplish it to thee and spare thee toil and trouble; and if I be unable thereunto, Allah compelleth not any soul aught beyond its power.”

So Salih rose and kissing ground three times, said, “O King of the Age, that which I desire thou art indeed able to do; it is in thy power and thou art master thereof; and I impose not on the King a difficulty, nor am I Jinn-demented, that I should crave of the King a thing whereto he availeth not; for one of the sages saith, ‘An thou wouldst be complied with ask that which can be readily supplied’. Wherefore, that of which I am come in quest, the King (whom Allah preserve!) is able to grant.”
...
O King, thou knowest that the Princess Jauharah, the daughter of our lord the King must needs be wedded and bedded, for the sage saith, a girl’s lot is either grace of marriage or the grave.

https://gutenberg.org/files/3441/3441-h/3441-h.htm#chap18


The Princess Jauharah is considered to be the most beautiful girl in the realm. The suitor frames the negotiations about her marriage not only as something entirely doable but also as a inevitable dilemma that has a simple solution. Didn't work on the king, though.
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When it was the Seven Hundred and Fourteenth Night,
...

“What manner of man is this Zurayk?”; and they answered, “He was chief of the sharpers of Al-Irak land and could all but pierce mountains and lay hold upon the stars. He would steal the Kohl from the eye and, in brief, he had not his match for roguery; but he hath repented his sins and foresworn his old way of life and opened him a fishmonger’s shop. And now he hath amassed two thousand dinars by the sale of fish and laid them in a purse with strings of silk, to which he hath tied bells and rings and rattles of brass, hung on a peg within the doorway. Every time he openeth his shop he suspendeth the said purse and crieth out, saying, ‘Where are ye, O sharpers of Egypt, O prigs of Al-Irak, O tricksters of Ajam-land? Behold, Zurayk the fishmonger hath hung up a purse in front of his shop, and whoso pretendeth to craft and cunning, and can take it by sleight, it is his.'

The Adventures of Mercury Ali of Cairo. (1001 nights, Vol 7. Translated by Richard Burton).

https://gutenberg.org/files/3441/3441-h/3441-h.htm#chap16
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Then ruled the Kazi* of Battle, in whose ordinance is no wrong, for a seal is on his lips and he speaketh not; and the blood railed in rills and purfled earth with curious embroidery; heads grew gray and hotter waxed battle and fiercer. Feet slipped and stood firm the valiant and pushed forwards, whilst turned the faint-heart and fled, nor did they leave fighting till the day darkened and the night starkened.

--- The Book Of The THOUSAND NIGHTS AND A NIGHT, Vol 7, the 638th night.
https://gutenberg.org/files/3441/3441-h/3441-h.htm


* Kazi - судья.
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A recurring theme:

Here the Prince passed one night; but, on the following morning, the King’s favourite concubine happened to cast eyes upon his beauty and loveliness, his symmetrical stature, his brilliancy and his perfect grace, and love gat hold of her heart and she was ravished with his charms....

“O King’s son, grant me thy favours and I will set thee in thy father’s stead; I will give him to drink of poison, so he may die and thou shalt enjoy his realm and wealth.”

--
Commentators compare this incident with the biblical story of Joseph and Potiphar’s wife and with the old Egyptian romance and fairy tale of the brothers Anapon and Saton dating from the fourteenth century, the days of Pharaoh Ramses Miamun (who built Pi-tum and Ramses) at whose court Moses or Osarsiph is supposed to have been reared (Cambridge Essays 1858). The incident would often occur, e.g. Phædra-cum-Hippolytus; Fausta-cum-Crispus and Lucinian; Asoka’s wife and Kunála, etc., etc. Such things happen in every-day life, and the situation has recommended itself to the folklore of all peoples.

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54525/54525-h/54525-h.htm#f159
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Now when it was the Six Hundred and Twenty-fourth Night,

She continued, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when Sálim said to the officers, “Will ye accept me as your Sultan, otherwise I will rub the ring and the Marid shall slay you all, great and small?”; they replied, “We accept thee to King and Sultan.”

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The sixth volume of the 1001 nights is wonderful. I expected the quality of stories to deteriorate from volume from volume but so far the opposite is the case.

...the Prince replied, “I have heard tell that a merchant at whose house certain guests once alighted sent his slave-girl to the market to buy a jar of clotted milk. So she bought it and set out on her return home; but on the way there passed over her a kite, holding and squeezing a serpent in its claws, and a drop of the serpent’s venom fell into the milk-jar, unknown of the girl. So, when she came back, the merchant took the milk from her and drank of it, he and his guests; but hardly had it settled in their stomachs when they all died. Now consider, O King, whose was the fault in this matter?”

-- the 603rd night.
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54525/54525-h/54525-h.htm#c172
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And on a lighter note, the 593rd night story ( The Lady and Her Five Suitors) is amazingly witty.
A woman of the daughters of the merchants was married to a man who was a great traveller. It chanced once that he set out for a far country and was absent so long that his wife...


I believe it is the precursor of this picture, but the original story is orders of magnitude deeper and funnier.

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This sounds like a Rapunzel story with a Trojan Horse twist:
A certain merchant, who was addicted to jealousy, had a wife that was a model of beauty and loveliness; and of the excess of his fear and jealousy of her, he would not abide with her in any town, but built her a pavilion without the city, apart from all other buildings. And he raised its height and strengthened its doors and provided them with curious locks; and when he had occasion to go into the city, he locked the doors and hung the keys about his neck....

So he called up one of his pages, who brought him ink-case[203] and paper and wrote her a letter, setting forth his condition for love of her. Then he set 168it on the pile-point of an arrow and shot it at the pavilion, and it fell in the garden, where the lady was then walking with her maidens...
...
came under the window and said to her, “Let me down a thread, that I may send thee this key; which do thou take and keep by thee.” So she let down a thread and he tied the key to it.
...
So the Prince returned to his palace and fixing the padlock, the key whereof he had given the lady, on a chest he had by him, entered therein. Then the Wazir locked it upon him and setting it on a mule, carried it to the pavilion of the merchant.

...

she hurried the Prince back into the chest, but, in her confusion, forgot to lock it. .... So they took up the box by the lid, whereupon it flew open and lo! the Prince was lying within. When the merchant saw him and knew him for the King’s son....

“Go in, thou, and take the King’s son; for none of us may lay hands on him.” So the Minister went in and taking the Prince, went away with him. As soon as they were gone, the merchant put away his wife and swore that he would never marry again.

-- 591st & 592nd nights. The King's Son and the Merchant's Wife.

--- https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54525/54525-h/54525-h.htm#c167


Jealousy, boredom, lust and deceit are punished here, with just one important exception — the Prince. He wins because in addition to being cunning and lustful he's also above the law. By comparison, in the Bath-sheba story, David was still the subject to Gods law, but only through the death of their first son. Moreover, their son Solomon inherited the kingdom through Bath-sheba scheming.
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Interesting, how the story of David and Bethsabee made it into the Arabian Nights:

There was once a King of the Kings, a potent man and a proud, who was devoted to the love of women and one day being in the privacy of his palace, he espied a beautiful woman on the terrace-roof of her house and could not contain himself from falling consumedly in love with her.

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54525/54525-h/54525-h.htm#c129


Cf:
2 And it came to pass at eventide, that David arose from off his bed, and walked upon the roof of the king's house; and from the roof he saw a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful to look upon.

2 Samuel Chapter 11.
https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08b11.htm


And of course, it made it into modern popular culture:



There's something deep in this narrative. I wonder what it is and how I could use it.

I like this version the most

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I wonder if this is the origin of the Sleeping Beauty story:
The Emir Musa marvelled at her exceeding beauty and was confounded at the blackness of her hair and the redness of her cheeks, which made the beholder deem her alive and not dead, and said to her, “Peace be with thee, O damsel!”

But Talib ibn Sahl said to him, “Allah preserve thee, O Emir, verily this damsel is dead and there is no life in her; so how shall she return thy salam?”; adding, “Indeed, she is but a corpse embalmed with exceeding art; her eyes were taken out after her death and quicksilver set under them, after which they were restored to their sockets. Wherefore they glisten and when the air moveth the lashes, she seemeth to wink and it appeareth to the beholder as though she looked at him, for all she is dead.”

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54525/54525-h/54525-h.htm#c83
The Thousand Nights and a Night, translated by R. Burton. Vol 6. (the 576th night).
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In teaching this lad I require no more of thee but to accept these three dictes and adhere thereto.” Cried the King, “Bear ye witness against me, O all ye here assembled, that I stand firm by these conditions!”; and caused a procès verbal to be drawn up with his personal security and the testimony of his courtiers. Thereupon the Sage, taking the Prince’s hand, led him to his place, and the King sent them all requisites of provaunt and kitchen-batteries, carpets and other furniture. Moreover the tutor bade build a house whose walls he lined with the whitest stucco painted over with ceruse, and, lastly, he delineated thereon all the objects concerning which he proposed to lecture his pupil.

When the place was duly furnished, he took the lad’s hand and installed him in the apartment which was amply furnished with belly-timber; and, after establishing him therein, went forth and fastened the door with seven padlocks. Nor did he visit the Prince save every third day when he lessoned him on the knowledge to be extracted from the wall-pictures and renewed his provision of meat and drink, after which he left him again to solitude. So whenever the youth was straitened in breast by the tedium and ennui of loneliness, he applied himself diligently to his object-lessons and mastered all the deductions therefrom. His governor seeing this turned his mind into other channel and taught him the inner meanings of the external objects; and in a little time the pupil mastered every requisite.

Thousand nights and a night, Vol 6, translated by Sir Richard Burton
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54525/54525-h/54525-h.htm


Remarkably, we lost this wonderful tool when we moved classes from physical to virtual locations.
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When it was the Two Hundred and Ninety-sixth Night...

It is said that Ja'afar the Barmecide was one night carousing with Al Rashid, who said, "O Ja'afar, it hath reached me that thou hast bought such and such a slave-girl. Now I have long sought her for she is passing fair; and my heart is taken up with love of her, so do thou sell her to me." He replied, "I will not sell her, O Commander of the Faithful." Quoth he, "Then give her to me." Quoth the other, "Nor will I give her."
Read more... )
Now when the Imam was admitted to the presence, Al-Rashid rose to receive him and seated him on the couch beside himself (where he was wont to seat none save the Kazi), and said to him, "We have not sent for thee at this untimely time and tide save to advise us upon a grave matter, which is such and such and wherewith we know not how to deal." And he expounded to him the case. Abu Yusuf answered, "O Commander of the Faithful, this is the easiest of things." Then he turned to Ja'afar and said, "O Ja'afar, sell half of her to the Commander of the Faithful and give him the other half; so shall ye both be quit of your oaths." The Caliph was delighted with this and both did as he prescribed. Then said Al-Rashid, "Bring me the girl at once,"—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

--- https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3438/pg3438-images.html#chap16

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