...it is now clear that the elaborate organizations that human beings have constructed in the modern world to carry out the work of production and government can only be understood as machinery for coping with the limits of man’s abilities to comprehend and compute in the face of complexity and uncertainty.
Herbert A. Simon. Nobel Prize lecture, Dec 8, 1978.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1978/simon-lecture.html
“the words or the language, as they are written or spoken, do not seem to play any role in my mechanism of thought. The psychical entities which seem to serve as elements in thought are certain signs and more or less clear images which can be 'voluntarily' reproduced and combined.”
- Albert Einstein, quoted from Herbert A. Simon. Models of my life. p 375.
Simon defined problem isomorphs as problems whose solutions and moves can be placed in one-to-one relation with the solutions and moves of the given problem [17]. The key to isomorphism is that even when two representations contain the same information, they can still provide very different sets of operations for accessing and inferring about that information, which can make a given problem easier or harder to solve [13]
Dou, Wenwen, et al. "Comparing different levels of interaction constraints for deriving visual problem isomorphs." Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 2010 IEEE Symposium on. IEEE, 2010.
The representation effect: Human performance varies enormously (10-100:1) with different representations [of the same problem].
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