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Very often it is impossible to find any originator for an idea generated during discussion and critique. Its meaning changes repeatedly; it is adapted and be- comes common property. Accordingly it achieves a superindividual value, and becomes an axiom, a guideline for thinking.

--- Ludwik Fleck, Genesis and development of a scientific fact.


Similar to Robert Noyce's account of his invention of the IC.
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In a scalable business model, e.g. Ford, Bezos, etc., the law of conservation of information holds.
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A headset with a prompter:
Then he had to sing a mass, and did not know one word of it, but the two doves sat continually on his shoulders, and said it all in his ear.

-- Grimm's Fairy Tales. The Three Languages.

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~spok/grimmtmp/025.txt


Read more... )
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https://iskconeducationalservices.org/HoH/concepts/key-concepts/varnashrama-dharma/

Key Points
- Varnashrama-dharma – duties performed according to the system of four varnas (social divisions) and four ashrams (stages in life).
- Focus is on responsibilities (which naturally fulfil the rights of others).
- Four varnas – brahmanas (priests, teachers, and intellectuals), kshatriyas (police, army, and administration), vaishyas (farmers, merchants, and business people), shudras (artisans and workers).
- Four ashrams – student life, household life, retirement, and renunciation.
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...one realizes that one must have broken completely with traditional morality and traditional beliefs in order even to consider that counsel. But the judicious reader cannot be satisfied with raising the question of how that particular counsel could be put into practice and thereafter whether it can be put into prac­tice under the given circumstances.

--- Leo Strauss, Thoughts on Machiavelli.

This is one of the fundamental issues in socials sciences: how do you transition from what is to what ought to be?
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Father of History or Father of Lies; The Reputation of Herodotus Author(s): J. A. S. Evans
Source: The Classical Journal, Vol. 64, No. 1 (Oct., 1968), pp. 11-17

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3296527

This is similar to Deleuze's concept of personae in philosophy, partial observer in science and artist–perceiver in arts.

Also see, Lawvere & Schanuel, 2009, pp. 308-9, wrt to idealization, beginning with the last paragraph:

"Regarding the scientific process... The idealization itself often consists of assuming that, of the many forces acting in a situation, one ‘main’ force is the only force.... this one force is gravity. Such idealization can lead to very far-reaching development of theory; in the example of gravity, it led Galileo, Newton, Jacobi, Hamilton, Einstein, and others to theory which is constantly used in terrestrial and celestial navigation.
... But the second equally important aspect of the scientific process of idealization is this: in applying the developed theory to new situations, one must constantly remain conscious of the likelihood that forces other than the ‘main’ idealized ones are also acting and sometimes becoming ‘main’ forces themselves.
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"An idea is codified knowledge about the properties of one from almost infinite set of possibilities." -- Paul Romer, Nobel Prize lecture.


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