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timeletsANNA PERSSON, BO ROTHSTEIN, and JAN TEORELL. Why Anticorruption Reforms Fail—Systemic Corruption as a Collective Action Problem. 2012. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01604.x
Along the same lines, we should stop considering propaganda as a government media tool for dumbing down citizens. Russia provides a good example when citizens actively participate in propaganda because it suits their purposes or feelings.
...while it is important not to overlook the masses of people who are collectively rising in defiance of corrupt and abusive governments around the world, in their individual encounters with public officials, the majority of citizens in the end still seem to perpetuate rather than fight corrupt exchanges, even though perhaps not as actively as many political leaders. Across countries plagued by rampant corruption, both the reporting and conviction of corrupt cases remain extremely low (Doig and Riley 1998; Kpundeh 2004; Riley 1998). Moreover, corrupt politicians often stand good chances for reelection (Chang, Golden, and Hill 2007). In fact, to a certain extent, citizens even seem to take active part in corrupt activities by selling their votes to corrupt politicians.
Along the same lines, we should stop considering propaganda as a government media tool for dumbing down citizens. Russia provides a good example when citizens actively participate in propaganda because it suits their purposes or feelings.
