Jun. 20th, 2019

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Have we started firing cruise missiles at Iran yet?

Paradoxically, in the beginning of the covfefe administration we had like a hundred retired generals appointed to various senior government positions. Now that we are creeping closer to a military conflict with Iran, all of the generals are gone. Instead, we've got Bolton & Pompeo!

Meanwhile, Bolton and Pompeo are nearing their endgame. Since they were appointed to their positions last year, they have been seeking justifications for war with Iran. Now that they have succeeded in provoking Tehran into violating the nuclear deal and, perhaps, interfering with commercial shipping, they’re pretending they had nothing to do with any of this.

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/06/bolton-keeps-trying-goad-iran-war/592108/
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Once we have fixed an isomorphism A — >X , it is harmless to treat A and X as the same object, precisely because we have the maps f and f-1 to 'translate."

--- Lawvere, Schnauel. 2009.

It's extremely useful in most cases, but can cause mental errors when an isomorphic association creates an unstated assumption of unity, i.e. "the same object." A classic example would be the isomorphism between glory and mortal combat as described by Homer in the Iliad.
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The usual test, 
whether
that which
any one maintains
is merely his
persuasion,
or his subjective conviction at least,
that is, his firm belief,
is a bet.
It frequently happens
that a man delivers
his opinions with
so much boldness
and assurance,
that he appears to be
under no apprehension
as to the possibility of
his being
in error.
The offer of a bet
startles him,
and makes him
pause. Sometimes
it turns out that
his persuasion
may be valued
at a ducat,
but not at ten.
For he does not hesitate,
perhaps,
to venture a ducat,
but if it is proposed
to stake ten,
he immediately
becomes aware
of the possibility
of his being mistaken —
a possibility which has hitherto
escaped his observation.


If we imagine to ourselves that we have to stake the happiness of our whole life on the truth of any proposition, our judgement drops its air of triumph, we take the alarm, and discover the actual strength of our belief. Thus pragmatical belief has degrees, varying in proportion to the interests at stake.


---- Immanuel Kant, The Critique of Pure Reason.

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