timelets

Расстрел по приказу Сталина пленных польских офицеров и депортация их семей в 1940-м году хорошо известны. А вот про депортацию ортодоксальных польских евреев я до этого не знал:

Polish citizens who refused to allow their identities to enter Soviet records could not be observed and punished with desirable efficiency. As it happened, the vast majority of people who had rejected the Soviet passport were Jewish refugees from western Poland.

They had fled the depredations of the SS, only to be deported by the NKVD to Kazakhstan and Siberia. Of the 78,339 people deported in the June 1940 action that targeted refugees, about eighty-four percent were Jewish.
Usually people who had no experience in the countryside, Polish Jews were at least as helpless as the Poles who had gone before them. Artisans and cobblers were sent to the far Russian north to fell trees. --- Snyder, T. 2012. p. 141.