Identity function: Изменения

Вот эта базовая диаграмма из учебника Аводея имеет глубокий смысл (для таких начинающих, как я). С ее помощью в любой системе можно показать, что меняется, а что не меняется в объекте исследования. Причем не важно, что является объектом: демократия, страна, выборы, алфавит, технология, капитал и т.д. Сразу можно оценивать масштаб изменения функции f относительно Identity Function.

О полезном

Начал взвешиваться по утрам и обнаружил, что если не есть (и не пить коньяк с шоколадом) перед сном, то вес остается стабильным. Сейчас у меня BMI примерно 20.0±0.2. Придется теперь пить коньяк по утрам.

(no subject)

Let's take a composite definition, e.g.

Liberal democracy is a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of liberalism, i.e. protecting the rights of the individual, which are generally enshrined in law.

The definition implies existence of other kinds of democracy, e.g. wrt how they protect the rights of the individual.
Therefore,

D - Democracy, to reflect the representation aspect;
A - Liberal Democracy, to reflect the rights aspect;
B - Authoritarian Democracy, to reflect the representation with infringement of at least some rights.

f: A->D
g: B->D

A -> D <- B

There must exist a pullback C, where f':C->B and g':C->A.

For example, Singapore is a Authoritarian Democracy where only economic rights are preserved.

Furthermore, we can define Autocracy in a similar way and create pullbacks to show relationships between different kinds of regimes and their aspects. We can also consider rights preservation and representation functions to see how the system evolves over time.

Почему авианосцы не летают?

Вот если бы они летали, их можно было бы заправлять в воздухе.

Beware of tall beautiful women

Remarkably, gods are a non-factor in Herodotus. Sometimes he even shows how people can be fooled by god-like appearances:

“There was a woman named Phya in the deme of Paianiaa who was almost six feet tall and strikingly beautiful. They dressed her up in a full set of armor," placed her in a chariot, showed her how to project a distinguished appearance, and then drove her into the city. They sent heralds on ahead of them to tell the people to remain in the city and to proclaim: [5] “Athenians, hail Peisistratos and welcome him joyfully, since Athena herself is bringing him home to her own acropolis, honoring him above all men.” They repeated these words as they made their way onward, and before long the rumor that Athena was bringing Peisistratos home had reached the demes. In the city, people actually worshiped this woman in the belief that she was really the goddess,a and they welcomed Peisistratos back."
--- Herodotus, Robert B. Strassler. “The Landmark Herodotus: Histories [2007, 2009].”